Singapore
Singapore
2 Jalan Lempeng
, 128793
ISingapore ((mamela)), ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhlikhi yaseSingapore, sisixeko esimi ngakwisiqithi esikwanxweme lweSouthheast Asia. Ilele malunga nomda wobude (137 yeekhilomitha okanye ezingama-85 eekhilomitha) emantla eikhweyitha, kumda osemazantsi ePeninsula yaseMalawi, ngakumda weStraits of Malacca ngasentshona, kwiiRiau Islands zaseIndonesia ukuya emazantsi, kunye nakuLwandle lweChina lwase China empuma. Umda weli lizwe uqukwa sisiqithi esinye esikhulu, iziqithi ezingama-63 kunye neziqithi, kunye nendawo encinci, indawo edityanisiweyo inyuke nge-25% ukusukela kwinkululeko yelizwe ngenxa yeprojekthi yokuvuselela umhlaba. Kuyo yonke imbali yayo yeminyaka eliwaka, I-Singapore yayiyimpazamo yaselwandle eyawa phantsi kwe-suzerainty yeepolitiki ezininzi ezilandelanayo: ekuqaleni uthotho lwamandulo lwamandulo lwe-thalassocratic, i-medieval Kingdom yaseSingapura, kwaye ekugqibeleni ama-medieval amabini okuqala kwe-sultanates yanamhlanje. Ukufika kukaStamford Raffles ngo-1819, igosa lamathanga laseBritane, kunye nokusekwa okwalandela kwe-Britane India India Inkampani yokuthengisa kwisona siqithi siphambili kuyilo lwe-Singapore yanamhlanje. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, iinkampani zase-Bhritane nezaseDatshi zatyikitya iSivumelwano sase-Anglo-Dutch se-1824, kunye ne-Bhritane yabetha ngenkani e-Singapore kwinkqubo, iphawula ukupheliswa kolawulo lwendabuko kwesi siqithi okokuqala kwimbali yayo. Ngo-1826, iS Singapore yabandakanywa kwii-Straits Settlements, i-pan-ye-Britane yobongameli beMalawi yenkampani. Ngo-1830, iiNdawo zokuHamba zamiselwa eBritane India njengendawo yokuhlala empuma, apho bezakulawulwa ukusuka kwikomkhulu leCalcutta phantsi kolawulo ezimbini-kude kube ngu-1858 phantsi kolawulo lweNkampani, kwaye-emva kokuwa kweNkampani emva kokuvukelwa kwe-1857 eIndiya. -Ukuze kube ngu-1867 phantsi komgaqo oqondile woMqhele. Ngo-1867, ulawulo lweeNdawo zokuHanjiswa lwatshintshelwa ngqo eLondon, lwazibeka phantsi kolawulo oluthe ngqo lwe-United Kingdom njengenkolon entsha.Ukususela ngo-1867 ukuya ku-1940s, iS Singapore yakhula yaba yi-entrepôt echumayo phantsi kobukhosi beBritane. Ukutsala inani elikhulu labahlali abatsha abavela kulo mmandla nangaphaya. Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, uBukhosi baseJapan bangenelela bangena eSingapore, nto leyo eyaphumela ekuthintelweni kolawulo lobukoloniyali baseBritani ukusuka ngonyaka we-1942 ukuya kowe-1945. Emva kokunikezela kweJapan ngo-1945, iSingapore yabuyiselwa kulawulo lwaseBritane; Ngo-1946, ii-Straits Settlements zatshitshiswa, kwaye iS Singapore yaba yimbalasane yesithsaba. Ngo-1959, emva kwexesha elininzi lokuphazamiseka kolawulo lobukoloniyali, iSingapore yanikwa inkululeko yokuzimela; Ngo-1963, yahluthwa ngokupheleleyo kuBukhosi baseBritane kwi-federal yayo kunye nemimandla yeBritish Malaya kunye neBritane Borneo eyakha ilizwe elitsha laseMalawi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka emibini enxunguphalo njengombuso wedolophu, eyonakaliswa yimfazwe yobundlobongela nokuziphatha okungafaniyo, iSingapore yagxothwa ngo-1965, yaba lilizwe lokuqala kwimbali yanamhlanje ukuzimela geqe kwintando yayo-nangona le ngxelo ihlala inempikiswano. Emva kweminyaka yamva yesiphithiphithi, ilizwe elisandula ukuzimela-lajongwa njengelizwe elingenakuphepheka ngababukeli bamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuwohloka, ukungathathi cala kwezopolitiko, ukungabikho kobutyebi bendalo, kunye nokusilela kwendawo ethe qelele-yahlanjululwa ngendlela engathethekiyo ngokuphuhla ngokukhawuleza nakwezorhwebo ukuze ibe phezulu. uqoqosho lwengeniso kunye nelizwe elihlumileyo kwisigaba esinye. I-Singapore yipalamente engamanyaniyo yomgaqo-siseko kunye nendlu yowiso-mthetho engahlawulwanga ebonakaliswe kulawulo lweqela eliphambili ukususela kwinkululeko. Icandelo lezobuntlola le-Economist lalela ilizwe laseSwitzerland "ngentando yenkululeko" ngo-2019. inemali yayo kunye nomkhosi oxhaswa ngezimali ojongwa njengowona uphambili eMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Eli lizwe likhaya kubahlali abazizigidi ezi-5.6, ama-61% (3.4 ezigidi) kubo ngabaseSingapore; njengelifa lemveli yayo yembali njenge-entrepôt. I-Singapore lilizwe elinabantu abaninzi abanobuhlanga, inkcubeko kunye nenkolo eyahlukileyo kwaye njengomboniso wobuninzi bayo, ubumbano ngokubanzi lwakhiwe njengomgaqo-siseko osisiseko kurhulumente, ukubumba imigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe. Eli lizwe, eliyiAnglophone, lineelwimi ezine ezisemthethweni: isiNgesi, isiMalay, isiTshayina, nesiTamil; IMalay, njengolwimi lookhokho beli lizwe, inikwe indawo ekhuselweyo kumgaqo-siseko welizwe njengolwimi lukazwelonke, ngelixa isiNgesi ilulwimi lwasekhaya, luthethwa njengolwimi oluqhelekileyo sisininzi sabaseSingapore. Namhlanje, iSingapore lilungu lamaziko amaninzi ezizwe ngezizwe, elinye lamalungu amahlanu okusungula i-ASEAN, likomkhulu le-Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) kunye nePacific Cooperation Council (PECC), lilungu leZizwe eziManyeneyo. , Umbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, iNgqungquthela yeMpuma ye-Asia, intshukumo engabekwanga mntu, kunye neLizwe leZizwe eziManyeneyo, kwaye usisimemo esimenywe rhoqo kwinkomfa ye-G20 yonyaka; impembelelo yayo engaphandle kwimicimbi yehlabathi, malunga nobukhulu bayo, ikhokelele ukuba ihlelwe njengamandla aphakathi. Ilizwe lelona lizwe likhululekileyo kwilizwe laseAsia, libekwe kwindawo ye-9 kwi-UN Human Development Index, kwaye ine-7th ye-GDP ephezulu kwilizwe liphela. Ikwaqwalaselwa yiTransparency International njengelona lizwe lingonakaliyo e-Asiya, kwaye isihlanu sesona esingenakonakala emhlabeni wonke. ISingapore ibekwe kakhulu kwizalathi-nkqubela eziphambili zentlalo: imfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, umgangatho wobomi, ukhuseleko lomntu kunye nezindlu, ngomgangatho wobunini bamakhaya ngama-91%. Abantu baseSwitzerland banandipha enye yezona zinto zilindeleyo ebomini ebomini kunye nelinye lawona manqanaba asezantsi okusweleka kwabantwana emhlabeni. Njengesixeko, iSingapore yicalulwa njengesixeko seAlfa + yehlabathi, kwaye lelona lizwe kuphela eAsia enomgangatho wobukhosi be-AAA ovela kuzo zonke iiarhente zamanqanaba amakhulu. Yeyona nto iphambili kwezemali kunye nokuhanjiswa kwenqanawa, ehlala ibekwa esona sixeko sibiza kakhulu ukuhlala kuso ukususela ngo-2013, kwaye ichongiwe njengendawo yokuhlawula irhafu. ISwitzerland ikwayindawo ethandwayo yabakhenkethi, eneendawo ezinomhlaba owaziwayo njenge Merlion, Marina Bay Sands, Gardens ngaseBhayi, iJerel, ibhanti yevenkile yaseOrchard Road, isiqithi esikwiSentosa, nakwiSouth Botanic Gardens. igadi yeTropiki emhlabeni ukuze ihlonitshwe njenge-UNESCO World Heritage.Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/